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| Photo
by Renee Brecht |
Britton and Brown. See
credits below. |
| Botanical name: |
Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C. Johnst.
|
| Common
name: |
American mistletoe, Oak mistletoe
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| Synonomy: |
| Phoradendron eatonii Trel. |
| Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh) Nutt. ex A. Gray. |
| Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh) Nutt. ex A. Gray. var. orbiculatum (Engelm.) Engelm. |
| Phoradendron macrotomum Trel. |
| Phoradendron serotinum (Raf.) M.C. Johnst. |
| Phoradendron serotinum (Raf.) M.C. Johnst. var. macrotomum (Trel.) M.C. Johnst. |
| Viscum flavescens sensu Pursh p.p., non Viscum flavens Sw. | |
| Group: |
Dicot
|
| Family: |
Viscaceae |
| Growth
Type: |
Shrub; sub-shrub
|
| Duration: |
Perennial
|
| Plant
height: |
1'-2'
|
| Foliage: |
evergreen, opposite, oblong to obovate, thick, leathery, 1/2" to 2"
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| Flower: |
inconspicuous, unisexual, in short spikes from leaf axils. Male and female flowers on separate plants.
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| Flowering/fruiting time: |
Blooms
September 15-October 25; fruit matures during November of the following
year, remaining on the branches well through the winter (Stone, p. 417)
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| Habitat: |
Generally found on Nyssa sylvatica in New Jersey, with reports of some on Acer rubrum. One unsubstantiated record of Quercus alba as the host plant exists in NJ. |
| Range
in
New Jersey: |
According
to Witmer Stone, formerly freuent through much of the Middle district
and occasional on the edge of the Pine barrens, but now nearly
exterminated in the State. Monmouth County was the most northern known
station for the plant. According to Joe Arsenault, most of the
remaining mistletoe is concentrated with in the Maurice River basin,
the the Great Egg Harbor River basin, and the Mullica River basin.
(3/08) |
| Heritage ranking if any: |
S2; LP; HL |
| Distribution: |

|
| Misc.: |
P. leucarpum is
a hemiparasite; that is, drawing minerals and water from its host tree,
but it retains the ability to produce its own chlorophyll. Its host
tree varies widely throughout the United States, but in New Jersey is
found almost exclusively on Acer rubrum.
P. leucarpum is
the larval host for the Great Purple Hairstreak in some areas of the
country. Grouse, mourning doves, bluebirds, evening grosbeaks, robins,
and pigeons will all feed on American mistletoe. When the growth of the
mistletoe is dense and forms a "witches' broom", it may be used as
nesting by various birds, including various spotted owls, "great gray
owls, long-eared owls, goshawks, and sharp-shinned hawks. Likewise,
some migratory birds also nest in witches’ broom — gray jay, northern
beardless-tyrannulet, red crossbills, house wrens, mourning doves,
pygmy nuthatches, chickadees, Western tanagers, chipping sparrows,
hermit thrushes, Cassin’s finches, and pine siskins." Red squirrels and
flying squirrels will sometimes use the witches broom as cover as well.
(USGS)
It is thought that mistletoe spreads by birds feeding on the berries, after they have passed through the birds, and also by
Its
nectar is used by various bees and it is pollinated by various insects
including certain ants, flies, and beetles (See USGS link above).
Phoradendron means
"thief in a tree". The entymology of "mistletoe" is thought to be
German, "mist" or "dung" and "tang", "branch"--literally, "dung on
a branch". |
Not sure what a word means? Use Answers.com:
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Sources
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 1: 639.
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